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Fill valves in toilet water tanks are classified as liquid level-actuated valves. Simply put, when the water reaches a predetermined level, a mechanism shuts down the valve filling the tank. The method of actuating this valve is very simple compared to other valve actuation, which are used for the automation of industrial valves and found in many kinds of technical processes from wastewater treatment, power plants to refineries. Valve automation can differ in design and size, with valve diameters ranging from inches to meters.

Actuators are often connected to the stem of a valve. Upon trigger from a signal, valve actuators move a valve to a particular placement using an outside power supply. Manual valve actuators generally do not require outside power sources except when they are large and need excessive torque. They utilize a handwheel to move gears which supply enough torque to shut the valve thoroughly. Electric actuators use single-phase or three-phase AC or DC current to generate the desired torque. Pneumatic actuators convert air pressure into rotary or linear motion, while hydraulic actuators act similarly with the fluid pressure of oil or water. These actuators need to have pressurized lines to supply the actuators: an inlet line and an outlet line. Pilot valves in the actuator lines control the air or liquid supply going to the actuators. All of these parts are readily available through pipe, valve, and fitting (PVF) distributors who are experts in the use of these valves and actuators in numerous companies, situations, and environments.

Rotary motion valves such as ball, plug, and butterfly valves rotate from open to close, generally a quarter-turn or more, but can also involve multiple turns (360